Which concept protects individuals from self-incrimination?

The correct answer is the Fifth Amendment. This constitutional provision is crucial in safeguarding individuals from self-incrimination, thereby allowing them to refuse to answer questions or provide testimony that may expose them to criminal liability. The essence of the Fifth Amendment is to ensure that a person cannot be compelled to testify against themselves during a legal proceeding. This protection fosters justice and encourages individuals to speak freely without fear of legal repercussions.

While the other concepts mentioned are important in the legal framework, they do not specifically address the protection against self-incrimination. Probable cause pertains to the justification necessary for law enforcement to make an arrest or obtain a search warrant; Miranda rights are the warnings given to individuals upon arrest that inform them of their rights, including the right to remain silent; and due process refers to the legal requirement that the state must respect all the legal rights owed to a person, ensuring fair treatment through the judicial system. However, none of these concepts singularly encapsulate the protection against self-incrimination as effectively as the Fifth Amendment.